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第46卷第10期                           南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
                 2026年10月                   Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)    ·1561 ·


               ·临床研究·

                弯刀综合征的超声心动图漏诊原因分析及诊断流程优化



                江丽萍 ,王文平 ,葛宝奎 ,刘 浩 ,杨               明 ,莫绪明 ,杨世伟 ,陈           俊  2*
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                南京医科大学附属江宁医院超声科,江苏                 南京   211100;南京医科大学附属儿童医院超声诊断科,放射科,心胸外科,
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                心内科,江苏     南京 210004
               [摘   要] 目的:分析弯刀综合征(scimitar syndrome,SS)在经胸超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)检查中漏诊
                率及相关影响因素,并探讨优化诊断流程的策略,以提高TTE诊断该病的准确性。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月—2025年12月经
                手术和/或CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)确诊为SS的71例患者临床及TTE资料。重点分析TTE初诊报告,以手术及CTA
                结果为“金标准”,将TTE报告中明确诊断或高度怀疑SS的46例患者纳入确诊组,将首次TTE报告未提示SS的25例患者纳入漏诊
                组。精确分析各种因素(如年龄、是否常规扫查肺静脉、是否合并房间隔缺损、右心增大程度、检查者经验等)与漏诊的相关性,
                系统归纳漏诊原因,同时提出优化诊断流程的方法。结果:71例患者中,TTE首次检查即正确提示或怀疑SS者46例(确诊率
                64.8%),漏诊25例(漏诊率35.2%)。分析漏诊原因可归纳为三大类:认知与思维定式因素(72%,18/25),检查流程与技术因素
               (64%,16/25)和病例相关挑战因素(40% ,10/25)。同时漏诊组与确诊组在年龄、性别、症状上,差异均无统计学意义(P 均>
                0.05),但在检查者经验(<5年vs. ≥5年)、是否行系统性肺静脉追踪、有无进行剑突下系统探查、合并其他心内显著畸形、是否
                存在图像质量差(声窗限制)等因素上差异存在统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:TTE诊断SS漏诊率较高,主要源于目标导向的认
                知局限和流程缺陷。建立以“肺静脉系统性探查”为核心的增强TTE检查流程,并对存在心脏右移、右心扩大、肺动脉高压等间
                接线索的患者保持高度怀疑,强制规范包括剑突下切面的系统性扫查流程,并加强低年资医师的针对性培训。对于临床或超
                声疑诊病例,必须结合心脏CTA进行确诊及术前全面评估。
               [关键词] 超声心动描记术;弯刀综合征;漏诊;肺静脉异常连接;先天性心脏病
               [中图分类号] R540.45                   [文献标志码] A                     [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)10⁃1561⁃06
                doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN260492


                Analysis of echocardiographic misdiagnosis causes and optimization of diagnostic

                workflow for scimitar syndrome
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                Jiang Liping ,Wang Wenping ,Ge Baokui ,Liu Hao ,Yang Ming ,Mo Xuming ,Yang Shiwei ,Chen Jun
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                Department of Ultrasound,Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211100;
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                2 Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis,Department of Radiology,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,Department
                of Cardiology,the Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210004,China
               [Abstract] Objective:To analyze the misdiagnosis rate of scimitar syndrome(SS)by transthoracic echocardiography(TTE)and its
                associated influencing factors,and to explore strategies for optimizing the diagnostic workflow to enhance the accuracy of TTE in
                diagnosing this disease. Methods:Clinical and TTE data of 71 patients diagnosed with SS by surgery and/or computed tomographic
                angiography(CTA)from January 2008 to December 2025 were retrospectively analyzed,with a particular emphasis on the initial TTE
                reports. Using surgical and CTA findings as the gold standard,46 patients with a definite diagnosis or high suspicion of SS on TTE
                reports were allocated to the confirmed group(Group A),and 25 patients without indications of SS on the initial TTE reports were
                assigned to the misdiagnosis group(Group B). Exact tests were employed to analyze the correlation between misdiagnosis and factors
                such as age,routine pulmonary vein scanning,presence of atrial septal defect,degree of right ⁃ heart enlargement,and examiner
                experience. The causes of misdiagnosis were systematically summarized,and methods for optimizing the diagnostic workflow were

               [基金项目] 江苏省医学会医学科研青年项目(SYH⁃32034⁃0156⁃2025033);江苏省儿童早期发展与慢病防治重点实验室开放
                课题(YLT2024009);南京市卫生青年人才培养工程(QRX17171)
                通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:xiaojiuwo1869@126.com(ORCID:0000⁃0002⁃3480⁃5494)
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