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第46卷第10期
·1458 · 南 京 医 科 大 学 学 报 2026年10月
receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was calculated,and subgroup analysis was conducted based on this value. Results:826
cases were adding estrogen group and 952 cases were not adding estrogen group. There were no significant differences in baseline
characteristics such as female age,male age,female anti ⁃ Müllerian hormone(AMH),fertilization method,total CC dose,human
chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)daily estradiol and progesterone levels,number of transferred embryos,and trigger medication between
the two groups. The estrogen luteal support group had a slightly lower female body mass index(BMI)(P=0.002),lower luteinizing
hormone(LH)levels on hCG day(P < 0.001),thinner endometrium on hCG day(P < 0.001),and a higher proportion of transferred
blastocysts(P < 0.001). However,there were no statistically significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between the two groups.
Logistic regression analysis of factors related to clinical pregnancy showed that female age and endometrial thickness on hCG day were
independent influencing factors. The older the female age,the lower the clinical pregnancy rate,and the thicker the endometrium on
hCG day,the higher the clinical pregnancy rate. The optimal cutoff value for endometrial thickness was determined to be 7.15 mm
based on the area under the ROC curve. In the subgroup of patients with endometrial thickness of 7.2 mm or above on hCG day,the
estrogen addition group had higher rate of embryo implantation rate(P=0.015)and live birth rate(P=0.038)compared to the group
without estrogen addition group. Conclusions:Using CC minimal⁃stimulation protocol for fresh embryo transfer cycles in individuals
with diminished ovarian reserve,adding estrogen to luteal support in patients with endometrial thickness of 7.2 mm or more on hCG day
may lead to better pregnancy outcomes.
[Key words] diminished ovarian reserve;clomiphene;estrogen;luteal support;endometrium
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2026,46(10):1457⁃1466]
卵巢储备功能减退(diminished ovarian reserve, 次数、胚胎冷冻、冻存费用报销的限制,使得DOR患
DOR)的核心特征为卵巢卵泡数量减少、卵子质量 者(尤其是获卵少、胚胎珍贵的群体)面临“冷冻成
下降,直接导致女性生育能力显著降低,是影响体 本高、移植机会有限”的现实困境,如何优化 CC 微
外受精 /卵胞浆内单精子注射⁃胚胎移植(in vitro fer⁃ 刺激方案鲜胚移植的临床策略、提升单次移植成功
tilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo 率,已成为医患共同关注的核心诉求,也是当前临
transfer,IVF/ICSI⁃ET)助孕结局的关键因素 [1-2] 。克 床研究亟待解决的痛点之一。
罗米芬(clomiphene citrate,CC)是 20 世纪 80 年代用 黄体支持是 IVF⁃ET 鲜胚移植周期的常规关键
于体外受精(in vitro fertilization,IVF)控制性卵巢刺 环节。由于卵巢刺激及取卵操作会导致颗粒细胞
激的原始药物之一,作为下丘脑和垂体前叶雌激素受 大量丢失,IVF⁃ET过程中黄体功能不全的发生率近
体的竞争性拮抗剂,它能促进促性腺激素释放 。 乎 100%,直接影响妊娠维持,因此补充黄体支持已
[3]
40 余年的临床数据证实了 CC 的安全性和有效性, 成为行业共识 [10-11] 。在生理排卵周期中,黄体可同
对于预期反应不佳的患者,CC仍常作为卵巢刺激的 步分泌孕激素与雌激素,二者协同调控子宫内膜容
辅助用药 [4-6] 。对于 DOR 患者,CC 单独或联合少量 受性成熟,为胚胎着床与早期妊娠建立提供必要条
(≤150 U)促性腺激素的微刺激促排卵方案,对卵巢 件 [12-13] 。但在临床实践中,黄体支持方案的优化仍存
的刺激更温和 [7-8] ,能够促进优质卵泡的发育,提高 在争议:现有研究多聚焦于促性腺激素释放激素激动
[4]
妊娠率 。 剂(gonadotropin⁃releasing hormone agonist,GnRH⁃a)
然而,CC的选择性雌激素受体调节特性使其兼 长方案或拮抗剂方案,探讨在孕激素基础上补充雌
具类雌激素与抗雌激素双重作用,可能直接损伤子 激素对妊娠结局的影响,但结果相互矛盾——部分
宫内膜容受性,导致临床中常建议采用全胚冷冻, 研究认为补充雌激素可改善子宫内膜发育,另一部
择期冻胚移植(frozen embryo transfer,FET)方案规 分则未发现显著获益 [14-16] 。尤为重要的是,CC 微
避该负面影响 。2025年中国一项多中心随机对照 刺激方案的独特性使得该问题更具研究价值:一方
[3]
试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)证实,在预后 面,CC 的抗雌激素作用已明确可能影响子宫内膜
不佳的 IVF 患者中,鲜胚移植较全胚冷冻周期可显 容受性;另一方面,该方案目标获卵数少,为保障获
著提高活产率及累积活产率,且该结论在DOR人群 卵率常采用卵泡冲洗操作,进一步加剧颗粒细胞丢
中同样具有参考价值 。 失,导致黄体期雌激素水平快速下降,双重因素叠
[9]
[17]
更为关键的是,新时代医保政策对取卵、移植 加可能更不利于胚胎着床 。然而,针对 CC 微刺激

