Page 114 - 《南京医科大学学报》自然科学版2026年第2期
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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)                                  第46卷第2期
               ·270 ·                     Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)   2026年2月


             ·综 述·

              神经退行性疾病的眼脑相关性



              杭   昊 ,高俊英 ,曹秋晨        1*
                             2
                     1
               南京医科大学第一附属医院眼科,江苏 南京                 211166;南京医科大学基础医学院人体解剖学系,江苏                南京    211166
              1                                           2


             [摘    要] 眼睛在胚胎发育过程中源自神经管,与脑具有共同的起源,因此二者在解剖结构和功能特性上高度相似。近年来
              研究表明,眼部退行性疾病与中枢神经系统退行性疾病之间存在显著的病理关联。典型的眼部退行性疾病,如年龄相关性黄
              斑变性、青光眼和糖尿病视网膜病变等,不仅是造成视力损伤和失明的主要原因,其发病机制亦与阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等
              脑退行性疾病密切相关。文章系统探讨了神经退行性疾病在脑与眼之间可能存在的共同病理机制。从毒性蛋白沉积、髓样细
              胞功能变化、炎症反应异常激活、突触功能障碍和淋巴系统清除障碍等多个角度阐述了眼、脑退行性疾病之间的内在联系,旨
              在为眼脑退行性疾病机制的探索、早期干预及靶向治疗提供新的视角与研究思路。
             [关键词] 眼部退行性疾病;中枢神经系统退行性疾病
             [中图分类号] R741;R771.3             [文献标志码] A                        [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)02⁃270⁃10
              doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN241262


              Ocular⁃cerebral relevance of neurodegenerative diseases

                                    2
                        1
              HANG Hao ,GAO Junying ,CAO Qiuchen  1*
              1 Department of Ophthalmology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166;
              2 Department of Human Anatomy,School of Basic Medicine,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China


             [Abstract] During embryonic development,the eyes originate from the neural tube and share a common origin with the brain,
              resulting in highly similar anatomical structures and functional characteristics. In recent years,increasing evidence has revealed
              significant pathological correlations between ocular degenerative diseases and central nervous system neurodegenerative diseases.
              Typical ocular degenerative diseases,such as age⁃related macular degeneration,glaucoma,and diabetic retinopathy,are not only major
              causes of visual impairment and blindness but also share close mechanistic links with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s
              disease and Parkinson’s disease. This review systematically summarizes the potential common pathological pathways between the
              brain and the eye in neurodegenerative diseases. It elaborates on the intrinsic connections between ocular and cerebral degeneration
              from the perspectives of toxic protein accumulation,myeloid cell dysfunction,abnormal activation of inflammatory responses,synaptic
              dysfunction,and impairment of lymphatic clearance systems. The aim is to provide new perspectives and research insights into the
              mechanisms,early intervention,and targeted treatment of neurodegenerative diseases affecting both the eye and the brain.
             [Key words] ocular degenerative diseases;central nervous system neurodegenerative diseases
                                                                            [J Nanjing Med Univ,2026,46(02):270⁃279]





                  眼睛是一种特殊的感觉器官,在胚胎发育阶段                          on cell,RGC)组成,RGC的轴突汇聚形成视神经,直
              源自神经管,与脑部具有共同起源,并均以神经元作                           接与脑部外侧膝状体相连,构成了视觉通路的关键部
                                                                  [2]
                              [1]
              为传输信息的媒介 。在解剖学上,视网膜作为中枢                           分 。在视路中,光线经过角膜、瞳孔、晶状体和玻璃
              神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)的延伸,视网            体,最终在视网膜上形成图像,并被转化为神经电脉
                                                                                                 [3]
              膜节细胞层主要由视网膜神经节细胞(retinal gangli⁃                  冲,通过视神经传递到脑中进行解析 ,这种复杂的
                                                                生理机制体现了眼睛与脑之间的紧密协作。
             [基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(82204365)
                                                                     中枢神经系统退行性疾病,如阿尔茨海默病
              ∗
              通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:nydcqc@njmu.edu.cn
             (ORCID:0000⁃0003⁃1766⁃384X)                       (Alzheimer’s disease,AD)和帕金森病(Parkinson’s
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