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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷第8期
·1246 · Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) 2026年8月
·综 述·
妊娠期糖尿病对子代骨骼发育影响的证据整合及机制研究进展
朱孟飞 1,2,3 ,石中华 2,3,4 ,刘志伟 1,2,3*
常州市妇幼保健院骨科,江苏 常州 213000;南京医科大学常州医学中心,江苏 常州 213000;常州市妇幼医学重点
1 2 3
实验室,江苏 常州 213000;常州市妇幼保健院产科,江苏 常州 213000
4
[摘 要] 妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)是妊娠期常见代谢性并发症,可通过宫内代谢编程影响子代骨骼
发育。现有证据显示,GDM暴露与子代早期线性生长改变、骨量积累或骨质量形成异常、远期骨折风险升高及部分骨骼相关
先天性异常有关,但不同研究结果并不一致,尚不能简单推断GDM与上述骨骼结局之间存在直接因果关系。围绕“代谢负荷
启动—胎盘界面重塑—胎儿骨微环境改变—骨发育程序偏移”这一链条,宫内高糖的强度、持续时间和发生窗口可能经线粒体
功能障碍、氧化应激、低度炎症、胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子(insulin like growth factor,IGF)轴异常、Wnt/β⁃catenin和骨形态发生
蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein,BMP)信号失衡、胎盘钙磷转运受限及表观遗传重塑,影响间充质干细胞成骨/成脂分化、生长
板软骨细胞成熟、成骨细胞矿化和骨重塑稳态。GDM相关骨骼效应更可能呈现“早期扰动—部分代偿—风险遗留”的动态特
征。未来需整合母体血糖时程、胎盘多组学、脐带血骨代谢标志物、子代骨微结构和骨折结局,建立骨骼结局导向的风险分层
与干预体系。
[关键词] 妊娠期糖尿病;子代;骨骼发育;宫内环境
[中图分类号] R714.2 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)08⁃1246⁃12
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN260539
Gestational diabetes mellitus and skeletal development in offspring:evidence synthesis
and mechanistic perspectives
ZHU Mengfei 1,2,3 ,SHI Zhonghua 2,3,4 ,LIU Zhiwei 1,2,3*
Department of Orthopedics,Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Changzhou 213000;Changzhou
1 2
3
Medical Center,Nanjing Medical University,Changzhou 213000;Changzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal and Child
4
Health Medicine,Changzhou 213000;Department of Obstetrics,Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Cane
Hospital,Changzhou 213000,China
[Abstract] Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a common metabolic complication of pregnancy and may influence offspring
skeletal development through intrauterine metabolic programming. Available evidence links GDM exposure to altered early linear
growth,abnormal bone mass accrual or bone quality,increased fracture risk in later life,and a higher probability of selected skeletal
congenital anomalies. However,results from different studies are inconsistent,and it is not yet possible to simply infer a direct causal
relationship between GDM and the above skeletal outcomes. A mechanistic sequence can be proposed in which maternal metabolic
load initiates placental⁃interface remodeling,modifies the fetal bone microenvironment,and shifts skeletal developmental programs.
The intensity,duration,and timing of intrauterine hyperglycemia may affect mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic⁃adipogenic balance,
growth ⁃ plate chondrocyte maturation,osteoblast mineralization,and bone remodeling through mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative
stress,low⁃grade inflammation,insulin/ insulin like growth factor(IGF)⁃axis disturbance,Wnt/β⁃catenin and bone morphogenetic
protein(BMP)signaling imbalance,impaired placental calcium ⁃ phosphate transport,and epigenetic remodeling. Thus,the skeletal
impact of GDM is more likely to follow a dynamic pattern characterized by early disruption,partial compensation,and residual risk
rather than by a fixed reduction in bone density. Future studies should integrate maternal glycemic trajectories,placental multi⁃omics,
[基 金 项 目] 国 家 科 技 重 大 专 项(2024ZD0532103);国 家 自 然 科 学 基 金(82371697);常 州 医 学 中 心 临 床 科 研 项 目
(CMCC202313)
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:lzwliuzw@126.com(ORCID:0009⁃0009⁃5815⁃6888)
∗

