Page 43 - 南京医科大学学报社会科学版
P. 43

南京医科大学学报(社会科学版)京医科大学学报(社会科学版)
             第2期 总第109期                           南
                2022年4月                     Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences)of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences)  · 137  ·
                                            Journal
                  B. Saundes Company,2011:1480                      biological secretions and the organisms that employ them
             [7] 夏学曾. 中毒的一般概念与工业中毒[J]. 中级医刊,                       [J]. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc,2014,89(2):450-465
                  1952(11):939-943                             [22] FREDERICK W G. Poison,medicine,and disease in
             [8] 中国毒理学会中毒及救治专业委员会,中国研究型医                            late medieval and early modern Europe[M]. New York:
                  院学会心肺复苏学专业委员会. 突发中毒事件应急医                          Routledge,2019:2-4
                  学救援中国专家共识 2015[J]. 中华卫生应急电子杂                 [23] PHILIP W. History of toxicology and environmental
                  志,2016,2(2):77-83                                 health,toxicology in antiquity Ⅱ[M]. London:Academic
             [9] DEICHMANN W B,HENSCHLER D,HOLMSTEDT B,             Press,2015:9-20
                  et al. What is there that is not poison?A study of the  [24] WEINSTEIN S A. Snake venoms:a brief treatise on ety⁃
                  Third Defense by Paracelsus[J]. Arch Toxicol,1986,58  mology,origins of terminology,and definitions[J]. Toxi⁃
                 (4):207-213                                        con,2015(103):188-195
             [10] 培根. 新工具[M]. 许宝骙,译. 北京:商务印书馆,                 [25] UGES D R. What is the definition of a poisoning?[J]. J
                  1984:65                                           Clin Forensic Med,2001,8(1):30-33
             [11] 何九盈. 辞源[M]. 3版. 北京:商务印书馆,2015:106,           [26] GUIDOTTI T L. Toxicity and poisoning:the example of

                  2248                                              lead[J]. Arch Environ Occup Heal,2014,69(1):64-65
             [12] 王弼,韩康伯. 周易注疏[M]. 北京:中央编译出版社,                 [27]GRANDJEAN P. Paracelsus revisited:the dose concept
                  2013:1012                                         in a complex world[J]. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol,
             [13] 许慎,徐铉. 说文解字[M]. 北京:中华书局,2013:15                   2016,119(2):126-132
             [14]于智敏. 中医学“毒”的病机研究[J]. 中国中医基础医                  [28] SMITH K R. Place makes the poison: Wesolowski
                  学杂志,2006,12(12):895-896                           Award Lecture-1999[J]. Journal of Exposure Analysis
             [15] 于智敏. 中医学之“毒”概念的演变[J]. 中国中医基础                      and Environmental Epidemiology,2002,12(3):167-171
                  医学杂志,2005,11(12):881-882,884                 [29]ROZMAN K K,DOULL J. Dose and time as variables of
             [16] 张景岳. 本草正[EB/OL].[2021-01-10]. https://www.        toxicity[J]. Toxicology,2000,144(1/2/3):169-178
                  zk120.com/ji/read/1026?uid=None              [30] MÜCKTER H. What is toxicology and how does toxicity
             [17] 保罗·萨加德. 病因何在:科学家如何解释疾病[M]. 刘                      occur?[J]. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol,2003,17
                  学礼,译. 上海:上海科技教育出版社,2007:25                       (1):5-27
             [18] 谢文光,陈可冀. 中医学“毒”的含义及其演变[J]. 中                 [31] PHILIP W. Toxicology in the Middle Ages and Renais⁃
                  华医史杂志,2008,38(3):169                              sance[M]. London:Academic Press,2017:4
             [19] PETER G O,ANDREW C,JON A.“It all depends on  [32] 洛伊斯·N. 玛格纳. 医学史[M]. 刘学礼, 译. 2 版. 上
                  the dose”. poisons and medicines in European history  海:上海人民出版社,2017:148
                 [J]. Pharm Hist,2020,50(4):124-125            [33] SNOW J. On the mode of communication of cholera[J].
             [20] DOUG W. Definitions of chemical poisoning[J]. Chem  Edinb Med J,1856,1(7):668-670
                  Heal Saf,2005,12(5):32                       [34] 张大庆. 医学史[M]. 3 版. 北京:北京大学医学出版
             [21]NELSEN D R,NISANI Z,COOPER A M,et al. Poisons,     社,2019:8
                  toxungens,and venoms:redefining and classifying toxic                      (本文编辑:姜       鑫)
                       Epistemology and enlightenment of poison and poisoning

                                               1,2
                                                                           3
                                                            1
                                  QIAN Yunliang ,ZHOU Jing ,WANG Ruotao ,SUN Chengye    1
                         1. National Institute of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control,China CDC,Beijing 100050;
                                   2. Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100013;
                           3. National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention,China CDC,Beijing 100050,China
                 Abstract:Poison and poisoning are important concepts in medicine. However,there is great difficulty to
             define them in that the poison itself does not have the essence different from the non ⁃ poison. Toxicity
             determined by dose is not a species difference,but exists in the relationship between the poison and the
             subject,and it makes no sense to escape from the poison alone to define the poison. Poison and poisoning have
             played a very important role as explanations of etiology and disease,and medicine develops,this explanation is
             partially replaced by theories such as pathological anatomy,cytopathology and bacteriological theory. However,
             as an alternative hypothesis,poisoning as disease and toxicant as etiology are still need to be retained.
                 Key words:poison;poisoning;species difference;toxicity
   38   39   40   41   42   43   44   45   46   47   48